Sensor size is the decision that shapes everything else: the size of the camera, the price of lenses and how your photos look. Here is what each format gives you.
The sizes at a glance
| Format | Approx. size | Crop factor |
|---|---|---|
| Medium format (44×33) | 43.8 × 32.9 mm | 0.79× |
| Full frame | 36 × 24 mm | 1× |
| APS-C (Sony, Nikon, Fujifilm) | about 23.5 × 15.6 mm | 1.5× |
| APS-C (Canon) | about 22.3 × 14.9 mm | 1.6× |
| Micro Four Thirds | 17.3 × 13 mm | 2× |
| 1-inch type | 13.2 × 8.8 mm | 2.7× |
Not sure what crop factor means? Try the equivalence calculator or read the crop factor guide.
What a bigger sensor gives you
- More light-gathering area. At the same exposure, a larger sensor collects more total light, which usually means cleaner images at high ISO.
- Shallower depth of field. For the same framing and aperture, a larger sensor produces more background blur.
- Dynamic range headroom. Larger sensors generally hold more detail in highlights and shadows.
What a smaller sensor gives you
- Smaller, lighter bodies and lenses. Telephoto reach especially benefits. A 2× sensor makes a compact 300mm lens frame like 600mm on full frame.
- Lower cost. Bodies and lenses are generally cheaper.
- Deeper depth of field. Useful for video, macro and travel where you want more in focus.
Which one fits you
Full frame suits low-light shooters, portrait photographers chasing background blur, and anyone who wants the most headroom in the files.
APS-C suits most enthusiasts: strong image quality, a smaller kit and a wider budget range. It is where we point most first-time buyers.
Micro Four Thirds suits travel, wildlife with small telephotos and video creators who value stabilization and compact rigs.
The honest summary
Pick the biggest sensor you are willing to carry and afford, then invest in lenses. The differences between formats are real but smaller than the difference a good lens, good light and practice make.
Frequently asked questions
Is full frame always better than APS-C?
No. Full frame gives more light-gathering area and shallower depth of field, but costs more and makes cameras and lenses larger. APS-C is a better fit for many shooters.
Is Micro Four Thirds good for video?
Yes. The small sensor allows compact stabilized bodies and small lenses, and video-focused cameras are common in the format. The tradeoff is less low-light headroom and less background blur.
Does sensor size matter more than megapixels?
For low-light performance and depth of field, sensor area matters more. Megapixels decide how much you can crop and how large you can print.